Last week, the Court of Appeal ruled in favour of the High Court’s decision (made earlier in January 2012) that the UK Government’s attempt to cut the Feed-in Tarriff (FiTs) subsidy before the end of its consultation period was illegal.

Rather than accepting the decision as final, however, DECC is considering its options – including lodging an appeal with the Supreme Court.

Many in the UK Solar industry are worried it will lead to many more months of second-thoughts and tentativeness from home and business owners thinking of installing Solar.

In a report on www.businessgreen.com last week, Energy and Climate Change secretary Chris Huhne is quoted as saying:

“……we cannot rule out the possibility that lower tariffs could be applied to installations which became eligible for FiTs on or after the proposed reference date. It is important consumers are aware of this.”

A Government spokesperson stated that the Government is very clear that from the 1^st April 2012, all tariffs will be 21p/kWh.

Last November, DECC announced that as of the 12^th December 2011, the Feed-in Tariff would be reduced to 21p/kWh on all installations, thus throwing the UK Solar industry into chaos and resulting in cancelled contracts, redundancies and bankruptcies.

Legal action was announced when Friends of the Earth, Homesun and Solarcentaury got together to take the Government to court over its decision. In December, the High Court ruled against the Government’s decision. DECC then mounted an action with the Court of Appeal, which was also unsuccessful.

Riello is continuing to promote Solar energy as a viable and cost-effective option for the future of power generation. Riello UPS supplies AROS solar inverters from 1.5 to 500kW for residential and commercial applications. They are fully customisable and can be monitored via the equipment we supply. For more information, visit our website.

I read an article in the trade press last week about North London football club Tottenham Hotspur cutting its carbon emissions by 400 tonnes in a single year and at the same time implementing energy saving methods that resulted in the club being around 25% cheaper to run. It got me thinking: much as businesses (and business owners in particular) like to be ethical, it’s that last bit – the 25% cost saving – that spurs (pardon the pun) them on to take energy saving seriously.

But is it possible, as commercial organisation, to maintain high standards of quality and customer service while saving energy? This is a special dilemma for power protection customers whose primary need is to provide a continuous source of critical power and ensure business continuity in the face of potential power cuts and power problems. Can energy saving really become a priority for them?

The Premiere League club has been working in conjunction with the 10:10 scheme, an organisation set up by film director Franny Armstrong in 2009 after making the iconic climate change film, starring the late, great Pete Postlethwaite as a man living in the devastated future of 2055, looking back at old footage from our time and asking: why didn’t we stop climate change when we had the chance?

10:10’s premise, rather than aiming at staggering targets favoured by ambitious policy-makers of 80% carbon cuts by 2050, is to try and get everyone to aim for 10% carbon reductions per year?

Tottenham employs high-powered sun lamps to keep the turf at its White Heart Lane ground in premier league condition all year round. Giant banks of flood lamps are also used to illuminate the on-pitch action on gloomy winter days or evenings. The club reduced its hefty electric bill by firstly replacing 136 high-powered lights with energy efficient models and although it worked out as a six-figure investment, it is this that has enabled the 25% reduction in running costs.

New lighting controls, including time switches and motion sensors have also helped save on energy. Heating controls on training ground washing machines were deployed, alongside push taps to help save energy and water. The club also analysed and revised its transportation needs to lessen its carbon footprint and now directors take public transport to away games instead of private jets. Fans are playing their part to: after a big publicity push, the majority arrive at matches by public transport rather than private car.

Working alongside The Carbon Trust, 10:10 has developed an Energy Saving checklist offering simple tips to business such as:

• Make someone within your organization responsible for energy saving initiatives and ask them to draw up an action plan.

• Measure, log and analyse how much energy you are using and where it is being guzzled. Energy bills may not give you enough information and you may want to look into some form of energy management.

• Conduct an energy walk round, which will not only confirm the second point but give you a visual picture of where energy is being used in your business.

• Upgrade business critical equipment – old equipment is much less energy efficient and will guzzle far more power than new or modern appliances.

• Switch off lights once there is enough daylight to work by, or in rooms or areas that are not being used. This may seem obvious but you’d be surprised at how many lights stay on in empty toilet cubicles all day!

There are ten tips in all and I won’t include them all but this one is a particular favourite:

• do not locate photocopiers in air-conditioned areas as the heat it will produce will make the air-conditioning work harder and user more electricity.

So, the answer to my earlier question (it would seem) is a resounding “Yes”. If you would like information about energy saving eco UPS, visit our website.

Europe is the world leader in renewable energy generation but to overcome the problem of supply reliability, without having to resort to traditional fossil fuelled power stations, a Europe-wide supergrid is required to link several diverse sources of renewable energy onto one electrical grid. When a wind farm cannot supply power on a windless day, a solar farm might be able to compensate, for example. It would also reduce power prices for consumers and make supplies more secure.

Such a grid, however, requires long-term thinking, joined up international politics and huge investment, which is unlikely in the current economic climate.

Security of electricity supply can be mitigated by installing UPS (uninterruptible power supply) and an alternative source of onsite standby power, such as a diesel generator. There are many different types of system to suit every different sort of application, criticality of load and financial budget. More information is available on Riello’s website.

If you are in the market for UPS power protection – and this is the first time you have thought about it – trawling the internet for information can be frustrating and you could end up more confused than ever. It’s a big subject, and a specialist one.

UPS manufacturers are a great source of information but much of it is either technical (geared towards electrical engineers rather than end users) or biased towards a certain type of technology.

If you’ve already got a UPS installed, you’ll have a good idea (based on past experience) of what to look for when it comes to upgrading or replacing it. However, in the past few years the power protection industry has undergone an evolutionary process of change and development of UPS products, solutions and services, driven largely by the desire for greater energy efficiency and lower lifetime costs of UPS systems overall. Advances in technology and manufacturing have resulted in smaller, more powerful products with fewer component parts and which are more reliable and sophisticated than their forebears.

Which UPS should I choose and where can I go for objective information?

Sadly, there are few places you can get information like this for free. UPS specialist resellers and manufacturers are running businesses from which they need to make a profit and they usually either charge for consulting advice or give it for free if they can then sell you their products. You may not be at the stage where you are ready to choose your UPS manufacturer or their products so, what can you do?

As luck would have it, we’ve written a book: The Power Protection Guide – the design, installation and operation of uninterruptible power supplies, which was published in 2007. It’s available from Amazon, all good booksellers and our own estore. At 290 pages, it details all of the elements you need to think about in terms of UPS power protection – and although our publisher insists on a cover price of £28-95, it offers great value for money and may even save money for you in the long-term. Armed with knowledge, you will be in a better position to get what you need and negotiate a good price.

Covering such items as criticality, UPS topologies and designs, UPS sizing and selection, online UPS designs, building in UPS reliability and resilience, batteries and alternative UPS back up solutions, UPS and generators, UPS monitoring and remote control, UPS logistics and installation, UPS warranties, maintenance and service, the book provides a handy tool for anyone responsible for assuring the delivery of critical power supplies for the continuity of their business – whatever business that might be. We’ve purposely incorporated a detailed index to make it easy to reference and appended some useful forms and worked examples. It is illustrated throughout with clear diagrams, charts and graphs.

In 1995, the European Union set out to harmonise the single-phase mains supply voltage across countries. Prior to that, variation existed country-to-country from 220, 230 or 240Vac 50Hz. It was down to manufacturers of electrical equipment to optimise their products for each country or region. 230Vac became the nominal standard (prior to which the UK operated at 240Vac). Three-phase mains nominal voltage was harmonised to 400Vac.

A problem arose because many large electricity consumers found that much of the electrical equipment they use to run their businesses now operates inefficiently at the new rating and thus wastes considerable electricity each year.

Voltage optimisation technology providers stepped in to stem the problem by developing technology that sits between mains power and connected loads to provide a steady-state 230Vac or 400Vac supply to ensure optimal load voltage efficiency, whether resistive or inductive/capacitive loads.

My question is: can it be recommended for mission critical applications and is such technology really the best option when UPS themselves are the ultimate voltage optimiser?

Firstly, UPS protect connected loads from breaks in mains supply AND from mains-borne power problems such as sags, surges, brownouts and so on, which a voltage optimisers cannot do as effectively.

Secondly, although most online UPS are installed as 230Vac (single-phase) or 400Vac (three-phase) output, they can be configured manually to provide other voltages such as: 220/230/240Vac or 380/400/415Vac. Loads are automatically supplied by a UPS with the level of voltage and current required to perform at their optimal frequency. UPS also provide battery back up and/or connection to an alternative energy source (such as a generator) to protect loads in the event of a mains failure. Today’s online UPS can also achieve operating efficiency figures of 96% and higher (if operated in certain power modes).

Voltage optimisers carry a lower capital cost compared with UPS but they do not provide the higher levels of power protection required by the critical loads that run today’s always on businesses. In my view, UPS are better at the job of both power protection and voltage optimisation.

If it were an animal, switchgear would be a champion racehorse; highly-strung, unpredictable – and with a powerful bite. But as every champion jockey will tell you: it’s all in the training. If you know what you’re doing and have thorough and appropriate training, you should be able to handle switchgear, no problem. If you are a novice, however, take every precaution and wear all the safety gear you can.

An accident associated with switchgear has been arc flash. These can occur when a large electrical current passes through ionised air and can be triggered when a circuit-breaker fails or when insulation has been seriously compromised. Although rare, these accidents have had serious consequences in the past. When an arc flash occurs, the temperature surrounding it can rise to around 20,000 degrees centigrade, which vaporises conductors leading to an explosion and the release of globules of molten metal. Anyone nearby could be in danger of serious injury or death.

Arc flash can also cause fire, the production of dangerous gasses and the leakage of burning oil in older designs such as oil insulated switchgear.

The good news is that modern designs of switchgear have moulded insulation, which allows good control over electric fields thereby reducing the susceptibility of the insulation to break down. It significantly reduces the chances of arc-related faults. It won’t entirely negate such incidents, or the chances there of, so it is important still to observe appropriate safety information and practices.

Not quite so hazardous but potentially more disruptive is the problem of partial discharge in insulation, which is a common cause of unreliability in MV switchgear. Here, small currents in the form of sparks can leak through the insulation at points where it has deteriorated. In hazardous environments, this could cause ignition of flammable materials but at best it could lead to breakdown of equipment and expensive repair. Needless to say, the best remedy for this is regular testing and inspection of switchgear, including all cabling and connectors.

When you choose Riello UPS for switchgear supply, you can be sure of our expertise. We always design switchgear into the system from the start and our name appears on the panel so you can rest assured we make sure that the quality of our work is consistent with the rest of your UPS and standby power installation.

The primary purpose of a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) and generator is to provide an immediate source of back up power in the event of a mains failure. A secondary, but increasingly important, purpose for a UPS is to condition the voltage that is delivered to connected loads, but this can only happen if UPS and generator are properly synchronised to work together.

Power Problems

Power problems associated with raw mains energy are defined as any variation in electrical power resulting in a malfunction or equipment failure. Power problems include: sags, surges, brownouts, electrical noise, spikes, transients and harmonics, alongside frequency variations and complete blackouts.

It’s not only problems brought about by external mains power, however, that can cause problems for connected loads. Certain types of power load that are connected internally to the site electricity distribution system – such as motor loads (lifts, mechanical machinery), certain types of lighting (Tungsten) and air-conditioning can cause problems for equipment upstream without the correct filtering and power conditioning.

A generator must be able to accept the load of the UPS and the UPS rectifier and static bypass supplies must be able to operate with (and synchronise to) the output of the generator. There are several elements that enable this to be achieved: correct generator sizing. In UPS installations, generators are typically larger than the installed UPS so that they can deal with the harmonics the UPS generates and any overload conditions that may occur during operation.

For load acceptance to occur, a UPS must be able to synchronise to the voltage waveform supplied by the generator. UPS normally have a wide input voltage window, which will more than accommodate most generator output but the frequency can vary and this potential problem can be simply overcome by widening the UPS operating parameters to accept wider frequency ranges.

There is a whole chapter on generators in The Power Protection Guide – the design, installation and operation of uninterruptible power supplies, which offers more information. Visit the Riello website for details of the power protection products and services we supply.

More on the latest Government announcement of cuts to the FiTs tariff: I read on energylivenews.com in November that Friends of the Earth issued the UK Government with an ultimatum: amend their latest Feed-in Tariff decision or face legal action.

The charity wrote to Climate Change Minister, Greg Barker, and gave him until Friday 11^th November to make changes or face the consequences.

The Government has slashed financial support for solar under its FiTs scheme to over half what it was a year ago, from 43.3p/kWh to just 21p/kWh. This is for schemes 4kW or less and will come into force as of 12^th December 2011. Friends of the Earth claims that this date, which is two weeks before the consultation process the government brought into force earlier this year ends, makes their move unlawful.

The eco campaigning group carried out its threat and issued legal proceedings because they didn’t get a satisfactory response from the government by the appointed deadline. Friends of the Earth is calling for the Government to maintain existing tariff payments to all qualifying solar schemes completed by April 1^st 2012 and to extend the consultation period to Friday February 17^th 2012 at the earliest.

In a letter from the Treasury Solicitor to Friends of the Earth, the Government said: “The Secretary of State retains an open mind in respect of this proposal. Indeed, that is the reason why the proposal is out for consultation”.

It will be interesting to see what happens next.

We offer solar inverters that provide maximum energy, efficiency and safety. They come with advanced communications, easy installation and maintenance, plus conformance to international standards. More information is available on our website or contact us if you have any questions.

There is plenty of life left in Solar but the industry needs to build business models centred on delivering real value and market the many benefits of Solar installations rather than simply relying in subsidies from the FiTs scheme.

There was serious industry backlash against the UK government’s latest announcement of a massive cut in feed in tariff for Solar energy on schemes up to 4kW in size, from 43.3p per kWh down to 21p/kWh, earlier this month.

Chief Executive of the Renewable Energy Association, Gaynor Hartnell, was reported in the Guardian as saying that she did not believe the department for energy and climate change was winning its argument with the Treasury on the benefits to the economy of renewables. She is also quoted as stating that the government chopping and changing its mind like this and not honouring its commitments (this is the second major cut this year) was undermining confidence in the industry as a whole.

Other industry experts quoted in press articles within hours of the announcement were stating that thousands of contracts had already been cancelled and some Solar companies had started laying people off and making redundancies.

I’m in two minds about this. Firstly, cuts to payments under the FiTs scheme will make some people think twice about Solar installations, but unfortunately much of the subsidy has already been diverted to large commercial energy companies rather than individual home owners or public sector projects as it was initially intended. In my mind the Government should have acted sooner and made a much clearer distinction between the different market sectors. Spending controls are unfortunately now a necessity.

Every fledgling industry needs a helping hand but there comes a time when it should be able to stand on its own two feet. Perhaps that time for the solar industry is now.

There are many benefits and reasons why residential or commercial customers should invest in solar technology. FiTs is just one of them. Alongside the many ‘green’ issues, an other benefit is security of supply and having more control over your energy supply and usage; solar customers can at least rest assured that they can generate energy for their own needs at times when mains electricity may be unavailable. And with talk of possible energy rationing at some point in the future and political unrest globally, that benefit is looking increasingly attractive. Once payback has been achieved, Solar energy is always going to be less costly than many other sources – or even free in certain circumstances.

We offer solar inverters that provide maximum energy, efficiency and safety. They come with advanced communications, easy installation and maintenance, plus conformance to international standards. More information is available on our website or contact us.

In November, the Duke was reported in the Sunday Telegraph as having a pop at renewable technologies, specifically wind turbines, which he declared “Absolutely useless.” According to the newspaper, his comments were directed at a representative from a wind turbine manufacturer to whom he declared: “they are absolutely useless, completely reliant on subsidies and an absolute disgrace.”

His comments are unfortunate given the UK government’s widely broadcast renewable ambitions and support for onshore as well as offshore wind farms.

As you know, Riello UPS is a big fan of renewable energy, particularly as part of a mix of supply options, and particularly Solar. All new technologies need a subsidy to get them off the ground and solar is a case in point. In countries, such as Germany, where it has been subsidised for almost a decade, it has really taken off and as an industry will soon be able to stand on its own two feet. Wind farms (on and offshore) are the same and there are many instances where they are established and offering competitive enough electricity prices but there are many installations that still have some catching up to do and are reliant on subsidies.

On that note, I read an interesting article in Electrical Review talking about the ETI (Energy Technologies Institute) taking wave energy to the next level with a project to design and demonstrate a low-cost wave energy converter system.

Extracting energy from waves using wave energy converters (WECs) is one method of exploiting the energy potential of the seas around the UK – and as we are an island, why not? However, capturing as much energy from waves as possible while building technologies that will withstand the harsh environment is not easy and this project will identify areas for improvement and new developments. It is being commissioned in two phases, the first is looking for design concepts for wave energy converter systems and the second will see the designs being developed and demonstrated. Requests for proposals have been issued for any organisations wanting to get involved. Updates and more details are available at www.energyytechnologies.co.uk.